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Paper ID IJIFR/V13/E1/009 Page No.: 110 - 125

Subject Area Finance

Authors Ms.Radhika.J
Dr.P.R.Brinda Kalyani

Abstract In an era where healthcare innovation and economic performance intersect, the pharmaceutical industry stands as both a public lifeline and a strategic growth engine. However, despite its growth, the industry shows financial ups and downs that need closer study and future planning. This study focuses on evaluating and forecasting the financial performance of ten major Indian pharmaceutical companies over an 11-year period (2013–2024). Addressing the need for consistent and forward-looking financial insights, it applies ratio analysis and ARIMA forecasting to measure key indicators such as profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. The methodology uses secondary data from audited financial reports. Statistical tools including ANOVA and Tukey HSD were employed to assess variations, while ARIMA models were used to project Net Profit Margin and Return on Equity up to 2027. Findings reveal Divis Labs as the most stable and high-performing firm across profitability, solvency, and liquidity. Zydus and Alembic also exhibit strong returns and operational efficiency, while Lupin consistently lags across metrics. Most companies showed significant differences in financial performance, except for efficiency ratios, which remained uniform. Based on these insights, companies like Cipla and Sun Pharma are encouraged to improve consistency, while Lupin and Aurobindo require urgent operational restructuring. The study concludes that while some firms are financially resilient and dignified for future growth, others must adopt more robust planning and forecasting mechanisms. This integrated evaluation offers valuable direction to investors and corporate strategists for enhancing financial sustainability in the evolving pharmaceutical landscape.

Keywords Financial Performance, Pharmaceutical Companies, Performance Evaluation, Forecasting Models, Ratio Analysis,ARIMA Forecasting


Paper ID IJIFR/V13/E1/008 Page No.: 105-109

Subject Area English

Authors Christina Sylvia.I
Dr. Anin Leema

Abstract This paper examines and portrays the construction and representation of Dalit masculinity in the works of Bama and P. Sivakami, the two eminent Dalit women writers. While much scholarship has focused always only on Dalit women’s oppression and voices of resistance, the role and representation of Dalit men always remains comparatively underexplored and has received less attention in the field of research. Through a close reading of Bama’s Karukku, Sangati, and Vanmam alongside Sivakami’s The Grip of Change and her Author’s Notes, this article interrogates how masculinity emerges under the interlocking pressures of caste, class, and patriarchy. Drawing on Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity and Dalit feminist critique, the article argues that Dalit men occupy a contradictory position: they are subjugated by upper-caste patriarchy yet often reproduce and showcase patriarchal oppression within their own communities especially with women. Both writers challenge the romanticization of Dalit masculinity, presenting it instead as fractured, ambivalent, and in need of transformation.

Keywords Dalit Masculinity, Bama, P. Sivakami, Caste And Gender, Hegemonic Masculinity, Tamil Dalit Literature


Paper ID IJIFR/V13/E1/003 Page No.: 96-105

Subject Area History

Authors Dr. N. Kavitha
Sandhiya. S

Abstract This paper examines the historical significance of Kodumanal, an archaeological site on the banks of the Noyyal River in western Kongunadu, Tamil Nadu, renowned for its bead-making industry. Kodumanal emerged as a major centre of lapidary production and international trade, exporting semi-precious stone beads such as beryl, lapis lazuli, carnelian, and quartz to distant regions spme two thousand years ago. Archaeological excavations reveal its industrial character, with evidence of complex manufacturing processes, specialized artisans, and extensive trade networks. Kodumanal’s strategic location near Karur, the Chera capital, and its links to the ports of Muziris and Kaveripoompattinam facilitated maritime exchanges with the Roman Empire, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. The industry not only boosted regional prosperity but also reflected cultural interactions, as seen in Sangam literature and inscriptions that mention Yavana merchants. By combining archaeological, geographical, and literary sources, this study highlights Kodumanal’s role as a hub of ancient global trade and its contribution to the socio-economic and cultural development of early Tamil society.

Keywords Kodumanal, Bead Industry, Kongunadu, Roman Trade, Sangam Age


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/022 Page No.: 86 - 94

Subject Area Economics

Authors Dr Niti Arora

Abstract Climate change is increasingly becoming a threat faced globally by challenging stability of economies, social fairness, and environmental sustainability. In reaction, governments and international organizations have established a series of economic policy instruments with the view of mitigation and adaptation. This review compiles available data regarding various instruments crucial to any economy, such as carbon taxes, trading emissions systems, climate finance mechanisms, and innovation incentives - their effectiveness, equity impacts, and challenges of implementation. Studies across different parts of the world identify that carbon pricing systems that are properly designed have the potential to cut emissions without hampering economic growth, particularly when the proceeds are recycled back into the community, and benefited by the low-income citizens. Moreover, it is revealed that investment by the government in green technologies and robust infrastructure can provide a good level of economic returns and long-term growth. Nevertheless, the reaction to these developments on the global scale is still disjointed, and the most significant issues that await solutions are poor financing of the climate change issues, lack of policy consistency, and unfair availability of adaptation funds. The paper summarizes and suggests a combination of a less siloed, fair and evidence-based approach to secure better results in climate economic policy responses of both developed and developing economies.

Keywords Climate Change, Carbon Pricing, Emissions Trading Systems, Climate Finance, Economic Policy, Adaptation.


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/020 Page No.: 67-73

Subject Area Arts and Social Science, Education

Authors Bappa Das
Prof. (Dr.) Bapi Mishra

Abstract Education has evolved significantly from traditional classroom-based teaching to technology-driven learning models. Conventional education, while structured, often led to learner fatigue, disengagement, and limited accessibility. With the emergence of digital technologies, learning has become more flexible, learner-centered, and globally accessible. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), originating from the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement and gaining prominence in 2012, have emerged as a revolutionary model of e-learning. MOOCs provide open, affordable, and lifelong learning opportunities without the constraints of age, eligibility, or geography. They emphasize skill development, self-directed learning, and digital collaboration, enabling learners to access quality education at scale. The two major forms—cMOOCs, which focus on connectivism and interaction, and xMOOCs, which emphasize structured content delivery—cater to diverse learner needs. This study, entitled “Opinion of Higher Education Students of Malda District about the Prospects of MOOCs”, investigates learners’ awareness, perceptions, and attitudes towards MOOCs in the higher education sector. The findings aim to highlight the opportunities and challenges of adopting MOOCs as a complementary model to traditional learning.

Keywords MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), E-learning, Higher Education, Distance Learning, Lifelong Learning, Student Perception.


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/019 Page No.: 58-66

Subject Area English

Authors N. Nagapushpam
Dr. T. Sathya Kala

Abstract This study explores Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy through the perspective of Joseph Campbell’s Monomyth theory, as detailed in his work, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949). Campbell’s universal framework of the Hero’s Journey—comprising the stages of Separation, Initiation, and Return—has been widely applied to various cultural mythologies. However, applying it to a modern Indian popular narrative like Tripathi’s trilogy highlights both its strengths and limitations. By aligning Shiva’s evolution from a tribal leader in Tibet to the Mahadev of Meluha with Campbell’s Monomyth stages, the research reveals archetypal patterns of departure, trials, and apotheosis. Simultaneously, the narrative incorporates distinctively Indian philosophical concepts—dharma, karma, moksha, and shakti—which challenge Campbell’s model and place the story within a uniquely South Asian mythic context. The analysis also emphasizes the gendered aspects of the narrative, particularly the portrayal of Sati, whose active role as a warrior and embodiment of shakti challenges Campbell’s male-centered paradigm. A cross-cultural comparison with Western and Near Eastern epics, such as The Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh, highlights both the universality of mythic structures and the cultural specificity of their expression. The paper contends that Tripathi’s trilogy both supports and critiques Campbell’s Monomyth by embedding the hero’s journey within the ethical and spiritual concerns of Indian tradition.

Keywords Monomyth, Joseph Campbell, Amish Tripathi, Shiva Trilogy, Comparative Mythology, Hero’s Journey, Cross-cultural Studies


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/018 Page No.: 49-57

Subject Area GENERAL

Authors Dr. C. DHANALAKSHMI
JANARATHINAM A

Abstract Groundwater depletion poses significant risks to India’s water security agriculture and ecosystems especially in areas such as the Indo-Gangetic plain and Punjab employing gis mapping grace satellite data hydrological models and stakeholder surveys this research identifies depletion hotspots examines trends from 2000-2025 and forecasts scenarios through 2050 results indicate a rapid decrease showing yearly drops reaching 05 meters in essential regions yet restoration is possible with cohesive approaches the framework comprises regulations extraction caps tiered pricing technologies controlled aquifer recharge IoT surveillance and community programs water budgeting integrating traditional and modern practices latest figures from 2024-2025 indicate a rise of 15 bcm in recharge and a reduction of 3 bcm in extraction underscoring advancements under initiatives such as Atal bhujal yojana this adaptable framework provides workable solutions for aquifer resilience in India a systematic survey was given to 120 stakeholders in water-scarce areas of India using purposive sampling data analysis employed descriptive statistics within spss 26 the research highlights a fair level of awareness and advocates for improved literacy initiatives to encourage sustainable behaviours.

Keywords Aquifer durability community, Water governance controlled, Aquifer replenishment policy changes, Groundwaterexhaustion, IoT surveillance.


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/017 Page No.: 37-48

Subject Area

Authors Chandrani Bhattacharyya

Abstract The consumer Protection Act 2019 has been enforced in order to redress the grievances of the consumers as a replacement to the Consumer Protection Act 1986. In this present study the author aims at focusing the role of consumer District Redressal Commission in Birbhum to redress the grievances of the consumers. Here the author collects the data of five years for the disputes cases registered in the Birbhum District Consumer Commission. This study is the combination of doctrinal and non-doctrinal method where, Secondary data has been collected by the author from various sources like newspapers, Journals, Periodicals and online searching website for consumer Disputes Cases (Confonet). Primary data has been collected by vising the Birbhum District Commission.

Keywords District Commission, Birbhum, Consumer, Consumer Complaints, Redressal of Consumer Complaints, Unfair trade practice, Deficiency in Service.


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/016 Page No.: 29-36

Subject Area Education

Authors Dr.JE.Merlin Sasikala
Dr.M.Saraswathi
Dr.T.ravichandran

Abstract Inclusive education emphasizes the need for accessible teaching methods that cater to diverse learners, including students with hearing impairments. This study explores how the use of a multimedia instructional package can support science learning among hearing-impaired secondary school students. The objectives were to develop an accessible multimedia package for science instruction and to assess its impact on academic performance and learner engagement. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design was employed, involving 40 hearing-impaired students from two inclusive schools. The experimental group received instruction through a specially designed multimedia package, while the control group was taught using traditional methods. Findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in the post-test scores and engagement levels of the experimental group compared to the control group. The study concludes that multimedia instruction is an effective strategy for improving science comprehension and participation among hearing-impaired learners and recommends its integration into inclusive science education practices.

Keywords Multimedia Instruction, Hearing-Impaired, Science Education, Inclusive Learning, Secondary School, Academic Achievement


Paper ID IJIFR/V12/E12/014 Page No.: 75-85

Subject Area Commerce

Authors Dr. Harjoth Kaur

Abstract In the last couple of years, the outbreak of Corona virus shook the whole world. It has affected people irrespective of their nationality, level of education, income or gender. It has affected most of the sectors especially education sector. Covid-19 brought out a drastic change in the education system. Universities across India and around the globe shifted to the virtual classes closing physical classrooms. In this arrangement, both teaching and learning happen through electronic devices which are relatively new to the entire teaching-learning community. This study aimed to understand how SWAYAM Courses which are online had fared for the teachers in Jagtial and Karimnagar, Telangana. Besides, it tried to understand the users’ experience and the reasons for not completing the courses they enrolled in. The data is collected through convenient sampling and is analyzed by using SPSS 26 version.

Keywords SWAYAM Courses, MOOCs, Virtual Classroom








About IJIFR

The International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Online open access research journal published monthly. It delivers multidisciplinary platform in order to have extreme, accurate, genuine, brainstorming, speculative, intellectual discussion and which has the visualization to understand, comprehend industrial experiences that describes significant advances of changing global scenarios. All the Authors will get Hardcopy of Certificates for Publication free of cost. IJIFR is dedicated to increasing the depth of the subject across disciplines with the ultimate aim of expanding knowledge of the subject. The journal follows a Blind-Review Peer Review System in order to bring in a high-quality intellectual platform for researchers across the world thereby bringing in total transparency in its journal review system. Authors are solicited to contribute by submitting articles that illustrate high quality theoretical and experimental research results, projects, case studies, reviewed work, analytical and simulation models, technical notes and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in research area. IJIFR provides an opportunity to present the innovative and constructive ideas and the outcome of the on-going research in all the areas of research studies in context of changing global scenarios. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.


Special Issue

The International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR) special issue welcomes proposals for new and recurring National Conferences, International Conferences, National Seminars, Workshops conducted by colleges, universities, engineering & management institutes etc. The first aim is to provide opportunities for academics from a range of disciplines and countries to share their research both through the conference podium and IJIFR double-blind refereed publications. Proposals will be selected to ensure the conference program offers a comprehensive, non-commercial, objective, and diverse treatment of issues related to the core concepts of the subject’s related to title, IT Organizational Domains, and IT Hot Topics. Attention will be given to diversity of institutions, presenters, and geographic location. It is one of the excellent services offered by IJIFR that is uniquely intended to support the researchers and conference organizers. IJIFR provides conference organizers a privileged platform for the publishing of research work presented in conference proceedings. The journal is deliberated to disseminate scientific & basic research and to establish long term International collaborations and partnerships with academic communities and conference organizers. We invite you to submit proposals on any topic related to the broad set of research and application areas covered the by IJIFR. The Conference examines the concept of diversity as a positive aspect of a global world and globalised society. Presenting at conferences is an efficient and exciting forum in which you can share your research and findings.


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The journal welcomes the researcher and authors from all parts of the world to provide their latest outstanding developments and state-of-the-art research work for the publications of high quality papers having research results either experimental or projected application in their related fields. IJIFR publishes original materials concerned with the theoretical underpinnings, efficacious application, and potential for evolving technology integration in a global range at all edification levels. It aims to guide the society to formulate and reinvent education, and to be the cutting-edge of knowledge, modernization, erudition, and innovation. Papers submitted for publication are selected & peer reviewed through full double - blind international refereeing process to ensure inventiveness, uniqueness, originality, relevance, and readability. Our reviewers are highly qualified academics and industrialists experts who ensure that only quality research should be published by IJIFR Journals. Articles submitted to the journal should meet international standards and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere.


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The editors ensure that this journal will be regularly published, widely read and circulated, have high impact and attract an adequate supply of high-quality papers from an international range of authors worldwide. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors. Double blind reviews will be executed to ensure that biases in the process of evaluating manuscripts.


All articles published Open Access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. Manuscripts should follow the style of the journal and are subject to both review and editing. IJIFR is multidisciplinary in nature so the topics are not limited to the list that is available. IJIFR will generally publish the research papers in the field as follows:


SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES, SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL WELFARE, ANTHROPOLOGY, RELIGIOUS STUDIES, VISUAL ARTS, POLITICAL, CULTURAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT, TOURISM MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PSYCHOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, HISTORY, EDUCATION, WOMEN STUDIES, BUSINESS AND MARKETING, ECONOMICS, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, ACCOUNTING, BANKING, MANAGEMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURAL, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, URBAN STUDIES, BIOTECHNOLOGY, HOTEL AND TOURISM, ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT, BUSINESS ETHICS, DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, PHYSICS, BIOLOGY IN GENERAL, AGRICULTURE, BIOPHYSICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY, BOTANY, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, FORESTRY, GENETICS, HORTICULTURE, HUSBANDRY, NEUROSCIENCE, ZOOLOGY, COMPUTER SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, MATERIALS SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, STATISTICS, HEALTH CARE & PUBLIC HEALTH, NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES ETC.


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Submission of paper to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that phone numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author. Those papers that do not reach the required standards of quality and rigor demanded by the journals, in terms of theoretical framework and methodology, will not be accepted for publication. Full papers should be submitted electronically via the ijifr website i.e.www.ijifr.org or by directly mailing to the editor at [email protected] or [email protected] in accordance with the author’s guidelines and paper format of this journal. The entire paper should be created in one document in Word format (.DOC or .DOCX). The first page is the title page, showing the full title, author‘s name, position, affiliation, and present address. Also, include an e-mail address for editorial correspondence. If there is more than one author, please indicate with an asterisk (*) the author who should receive correspondence.


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Important Dates For Every Issue
Last Date of Paper Submission : 20th of Every Month
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Important Dates
IJIFR SEPTEMBER 2025 EDITION
VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2025
FINAL PAPER SUBMISSION TILL
28th September 2025
FINAL PUBLICATION OF ALL PAPERS
Tiill 30th September 2025
ACCEPTANCE NOTIFICATION
WITH IN 2-7 DAYS AFTER PEER REVIEWED PROCESS
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