| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/008
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| Author |
REXEN JACOB R, Govt KNM COLLEGE KANJIRAMKULAM
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| Paper Title |
SOCIO ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF GULF RETURNEE MIGRANTS IN FISHERMEN COMMUNITY IN KERALA (STUDY AMONG COASTAL VILLAGES IN THIRUVANANTHAPURAM)
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| Subject Category |
SOCIOLOGY
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| Abstract |
SOCIO ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF GULF RETURNEE MIGRANTS IN FISHERMEN COMMUNITY IN KERALA (STUDY AMONG COASTAL VILLAGES IN THIRUVANANTHAPURAM)
BY
REXEN JACOB R
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
PG DEPT OF SOCIOLOGY
Govt.KNM COLLEGE KANJIRAMKULAM
PH: 9895740341
Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Migration to the Gulf countries has been a significant socio-economic phenomenon, with millions seeking better opportunities and improved life conditions. While much research has focused on the experiences of male migrants, the experiences of women associated with these migrants have received relatively less attention. These women face several challenges, including emotional strain, social isolation, identity conflicts, and pressures to meet familial and societal expectations and their experiences are shaped by cultural norms, economic dependence, legal restrictions, and changing family dynamics. The impact of migration on mental health and well-being of their partners is a critical concern. Research has shown that women with migrant partners are at a higher risk of developing mental health issues, including depression and anxiety disorders. India remains the largest country of Gulf Migrants, with millions of people working in the Gulf, particularly in Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The migrants from Bangladesh and Pakistan also have particular numbers in constructions and domestic work sectors. The Philippines contributes to the main source of skilled and semi-skilled labor, particularly in healthcare and hospitality. Gulf migration, while economically beneficial for many households, exerts impacts on family structures, dynamics, and roles. The absence of the male breadwinner due to long- term migration to Gulf countries reshapes the functioning of the family unit, influencing emotional relationships, household responsibilities, and intergenerational interactions. This role expansion can foster empowerment and autonomy, but it is also accompanied by significant stress, societal scrutiny, and pressure to uphold the family's social image in the husband's absence. Children, too, are affected by the prolonged absence of one parent. Emotional detachment, behavioral changes, and academic performance issues are commonly observed among children in transnational households. While remittances may improve material conditions—allowing for better education, nutrition, and housing—the lack of paternal involvement may lead to weakened emotional bonds, discipline issues, and identity struggles, especially among adolescents.
(Key Words: Gulf, Migration, Socio economic challenges, Mental health, health challenges Children)
INTRODUCTION
Generally, Gulf Migration has been male-dominated due to the restrictions on family migration and the nature of available work. However, there has been a gradual increase in female migrants, especially in domestic and caregiving sectors. Women migrants often experience challenges due to their legal, economic, and social positions in Gulf societies. Gulf migration, while economically beneficial for many households, exerts impacts on family structures, dynamics, and roles. The absence of the male breadwinner due to long- term migration to Gulf countries reshapes the functioning of the family unit, influencing emotional relationships, household responsibilities, and intergenerational interactions.
Children, too, are affected by the prolonged absence of one parent. Emotional detachment, behavioral changes, and academic performance issues are commonly observed among children in transnational households. While remittances may improve material conditions—allowing for better education, nutrition, and housing—the lack of paternal involvement may lead to weakened emotional bonds, discipline issues, and identity struggles, especially among adolescents. The emotional fabric of the family is also altered by migration. Long-term separations can strain marital relationships due to reduced intimacy, trust issues, and lack of shared experiences. The emotional toll is felt not only by spouses but also by children who grow up with limited interaction with their fathers. In some cases, prolonged separation leads to family disintegration, including marital discord or breakdown.
Migration studies in Kerala
In Kerala, migration have contributed more to poverty alleviation than any other factor including agrarian reforms, trade union activities and social welfare legislations” (Zachariah and Rajan 2004). Kerala Migration Study (KMS) of Centre for Development Studies spread over three decades estimate the number of Emigrants from Kerala to the Gulf and other countries was 14 lakhs in 1998 and the annual remittances exceeded Rs.13,000 crores. KMS, 2014 reveal that this has nearly doubled to 24 lakhs and remittances have increased more than five-fold to Rs.71,000 crores. However, latest KMS 2016 reveals that migration from Kerala has recorded the first ever decline. The number of Emigrants has declined from 24 to 22.7 lakhs during the period 2014 - 2016, a decline of 10% (1.3 lakhs), since the last two years. Emigration in Kerala has brought down the unemployment rate in the state. There was a general feeling that emigration contributed to income equality. The KMS further reveals that the emigrants were mostly poorly educated construction workers whose income increased considerably in comparison to the better educated service workers back home. The noticeable fact is that recent emigrants included fewer illiterates and low income construction workers. They include a higher proportion of better educated groups of workers in the categories of professionals and skilled workers. This shift in composition of migrant workers has impacts on equality and equity outcomes.( kile.kerala.gov.in).
A critical challenge for entrepreneurship scholars is the need to develop a greater understanding of (1) how, when and why entrepreneurial networks emerge, develop and change over time and (2) how network evolution impacts on the entrepreneurial trajectory” (Wadid et.al 2015). Though many organizations function in Kerala for Returnee Migrants (REMs), none of them seriously had taken the key issue of social integration of REMs through gainful income generating activities or through channeling these resources to social/community entrepreneurship. It is the more entrepreneurial who migrate and the more entrepreneurial, fittest of the fit, who do better among them.The financial savings may not be very significant but there are no comparable human resources in terms of competencies and exposure to standards of quality and professionalism very often not met with within the state. With a re-orientation to the opportunities, a participatory and process driven approach to problem solving, evolving a technology aided community platform, sustained facilitation and aligning the personal resources with the right opportunities, the REM could be the anchor around which some of the crucial challenges to growth could be addressed. Given the demographic context unique to Kerala, the state is in transition and the next gen opportunities are of a different order from the past.
Review of Literature
Aghajanian A, Alihoseini J, and Thompson V (2014) in the journal " Husband's Circular Migration and the Status of Women left behind in Lamerd District, Iran: A pilot study” attempts to challenge the general belief that spouses of migrant workers are left behind and suffer from economic and emotional difficulties. The results of the research conducted in Lamerd District, Iran, report a higher level of satisfaction with economic resources among wives of migrant workers, and there are no significant physical or mental health problems compared to wives of non-migrant workers.
Yagya Murti Bhirtyal, Sharada Prasad Wasti in the journal (2021) "Effects of Male International Migration on Mental Health of Wives Left Behind in Nepal" investigates the impacts of male migration on the mental health of wives left behind in Nepal. A significant relationship between male migration and depression among left-behind wives is identified. The study reveals a high prevalence of depression among left-behind wives compared to wives of non-migrants.
Noor Muhammad, Sayema Rahman Rathi (2023) in the article "Psychological State of Wives of Migrant and Resident Husbands: A Comparative Study in Bangladesh" examines the psychological impact spousal separation on Left-behind wives of migrant workers in Bangladesh. The research explores the levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness among these women and compares them to wives of resident husbands. The study finds that wives of migrant workers experience significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness compared to wives of resident husbands. There are no significant differences in anxiety, depression, and hopelessness among wives of migrant husbands based on their residential area or family type.
A vast and thickly populous country that remained under colonial rule for centuries, India has a complex migration history. “Since the 19th century, ethnic Indians have established communities in every continent, islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific and Indian oceans” (Daniel 2009). “The international demand of unskilled labor has increased for plantations of tea, sugar and rubber, in the colonies of Europe particularly after the abolition of slavery, in 1833 in Britain and subsequently by other colonial powers urgently needed manpower” (Dubey Ajay, ed. 2003). Poverty in India particularly among farmers was the other prime reason for migration. The Immigration Act of United States in 1990, effective from 1995, made it possible for high-skilled immigrants, including Indians, to gain permanent residence and bring their family members by introducing the H-1B temporary worker category” (Lindsay, 2000). India's domination of computer-trained personnel mainly attributed to the large supply pool in India to IT industry
Statement of the Problem
Integration of REMs with the Kerala Society is both a challenge and opportunity. Significant migration from India to the Persian Gulf began in the 1970s, following the oil boom. Since then, an increasing number of semi and unskilled workers from South India have worked in the gulf countries on temporary migration schemes in the oil industry and in services and construction. Most come from the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. These states have a historic connection with the gulf countries, plus they have large Muslim populations and were experiencing high unemployment rates when migration picked up in the 1970s. Successful migrants, with their increased earnings, then served as role models for many others in their villages and districts. “About 4.5 million Indians were living in the gulf countries in 2008, among them, 70 percent stayed the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia” (Jain and Prakash 2008). Although most Indians in the gulf has been holding unskilled or semiskilled jobs, the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora estimates that 20 percent are white-collar workers and another 10 percent belong to the professional category. The study highlights the social and economic including psychological and family related challenges faced by returnee migrants in Kerala.
Objectives of the study
1. To identify the socio-economic background of returnee gulf migrants in coastal area
2. To analyse existing social and psychological challenges of gulf returnee migrants
3. To understand the family situation and relations of gulf returnees
Methodology
The present study used quantitative and qualitative research method for the data collection and interpretation. The research design of the study is descriptive in nature.
Sampling Frame: The study used simple random sampling method and convenient sampling. About 30 respondents were collected from the age group of 50 above who were gulf returnees from each three coastal villages of Karumkulam, Vizhinjam and Poonthura. The respondents were selected from the list of gulf migrants in parish.
Sources of data: The study also used both primary data by collecting the data from the respondents by using structured interview schedule and secondary data were collected from previous books on the studies of gulf migration.
The population of the study consists of total number of gulf migrant persons above the age group of 50 in fishermen community in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala and the unit of the study is the single respondent among the gulf returnees in Kerala fishermen community.
Tool of data collection: The researcher used structured interview schedule, interview guide and Focus group discussion as the tools to collect primary data from the respondents.
The collected data were tabulated and analyzed based on objectives.
Socio-economic background of Gulf returnees
The population database prepared by the BCC (Basic Christian Community) network for the management of the church in the three villages has been used as the base line population data for sampling and sample survey.
Age and income of the respondents
Age Frequency Percentage Income Frequency Percentage
50-60 20 67 % Rs. Below 10,000 12 40%
60-70 8 26 % Rs. 10000 -20000 11 36.8%
70-80 2 7 % Rs.20000-30000 5 16.6%
Total 30 100% Rs.30000and above 2 6.6%
Total 30 100%
Regarding the age of the respondents, it is clear from the table that majority (67%0 of the respondents are belong to the age group of 50 to 60 while only 7 percent of respondents are in the age group of 70 -80. Majority of respondents falls in 50-60 age group. At the same time, from this table, it is clear that about 40% of the respondents having the monthly income of below Rs.10,000, 36.8% of the respondents having monthly income of Rs.10,000-20,000, 16.6% of the respondents having monthly income of Rs.20,000-30,000, and only 6.6% of the respondents having monthly income of Rs.3,00,00 and above. The gulf returnees are enganed in fishing and fish vending activities. Therefore, it can be assumed that majority of gulf returnees in coastal area are not sufficient with their income and they have severe economic problem to fulfill the economic needs of their family and children.
Type of occupation
Occupation Frequency Percentage
Skilled worker 10 33.4%
Semiskilled worker 12 40%
Managerial position 4 13.3%
Business owner 1 3.3%
Any Others 3 10%
Total 30 100%
The table shows that about 33.4% of the respondents are skilled workers and 40% of the respondents are unskilled workers while 13.3% of the respondents works in managerial positions. At the same time only 3.3% of the respondents running are business and10% of the gulf migrants are work in other sectors their locality. Therefore, Table3.9: Source of income o he majority of the respondents are engaged in their skilled job especially fishing is their main source for the gulf returnees.
Social and psychological challenges of gulf returnee migrants
Integration of REMs with the Kerala Society is both a challenge and opportunity. The gulf returnees in coastal area of Kerala are under minor socio psychological dilemmas they are mainly aggravated grom the economic support.
Feeling of respondent’s partners during migration
Feelings during migration Frequency Percentage
Happy and supportive 22 74 %
Sad and lonely 8 26 %
Total
30 100 %
From the chart, it is evident that about 50 % of the respondents experience emotional difficulties frequently, 30% of the respondents experience no such emotional difficulties while about 20% of the respondents experience emotional difficulties rarely, Therefore, majority of the respondents experience emotional difficulties frequently and occasionally after their migration. The experience is same when we ask to their partners also. They are experience such emotional difficulties, due to lack of communication, heavy work schedule because majority of the gulf migrants were employed in casual and unskilled activities.
Social and psychological challenges
Socio-psychological
Challenges Frequency Percentage
Loneliness 7 23 %
Anxiety 1 3.3%
Depression 3 10 %
Lack of social support 10 33 %
Financial stress 5 16 %
Others 4 13 %
Total 30 100%
Family situations and relations
By the 1970s, Kerala achieved remarkable progress in human and social development areas, but the commodity-producing sectors remained stagnant (CDS-UN, 1975). This lop-sided development pattern (high social development with low economic growth) became popular as the ‘Kerala model of development’. Over time, there have been critiques and questions regarding this model. (gipe.ac.in)
Role in the family Frequency Percentage
More responsible 16 53 %
Less responsible 14 47 %
Total 30 100
Isolation from
community Frequency Percentage
Yes 3 10%
No 18 60%
Sometimes 9 30%
Total 30 100%
From this table, it is clear that about 10% of the gulf returnees feels isolated from their community while about 60% of the respondents doesn't feel isolated from their community. At the same time about 30% of the gulf returnees are opined that they do feel isolated from their community sometimes too. Therefore, majority of the respondents doesn't feel isolated from their community (60%). Therefore, the social gathering in coastal area is not a simple thing and every people irrespective of age and locality, in coastal area the fishermen are meet together for many of social gathering including marriage, church ceremonies and even other family related activities.
CASE 1: A respondent named Arulappan aged 60 has opined that after the gulf retirement their economic problem has increased and which results in family relation adversely. There were continuous way of conflicts and anomalies within the family and his mental health is not in a state of peace.
CASE 2: A person named Siluvayyan aged 65, has opined that he is not satisfied with the present life because he is economically weak and he used to ask money for his daily needs form his wife and children. If possible, he is used to go fishing in their locality and his wife is a fisher woman.
The major findings of the study are:
• About 67% of the respondents include in the age group 50-60 face the challenges resulted due to their migration.
• About 50% of the respondents only have high school education.
• 40% of the husbands are unskilled workers and daily wage workers including mainly fishing
• About 36.8 % of the respondents’ income include in the group 10000 -20000.
• 100% of the respondents' source of income is fishing and allied activates after their gulf returns
• About 53.4% of the respondents are nuclear families.
• About 70% of the respondents have good relationship with in-laws.
• About 80% of the respondents have daily communication with their partners.
• About 40% of the respondents are happy and supportive for their husband's migration.
• 43.3% of the respondent’s spouse experience loneliness after migration.
• About 40% of the respondents have no changes in self-esteem.
• 90% of the respondents achieved more responsibilities in the familial roles.
• About 36.7% of the respondents have lack of emotional support.
• 60% of the respondents doesn't have financial stress.
CONCLUSION
Among the total Indian migrants to the Gulf, Keralites account for more than half. More than half of the remittances is sent by Keralites. The long-standing tradition of emigration in Kerala took a new turn with the oil- fueled economic growth of the Gulf countries from the 1970s, generating an unprecedented demand for foreign labor. This migratory wave did not only change the demographic and economic composition of Kerala but also made remittances one of the main contributors to the state’s gross state domestic product (GSDP). Owing to the high literacy rate, migration from Kerala has become a natural phenomenon. Among those migrating to foreign countries in search of better employment and income, migration to the Gulf countries is more convenient and accessible to the general public. The migration does not necessarily have to be in favor of the immigrants at all times. They have to often work in adverse conditions and survive in crisis situations. Such adverse situations and crises lead the expatriates to ill health.
References
Aghajanian A, Alihoseini J, and Thomson V. (2014). Husband’s circular migration and the status of women left behind in Lamerd district, Iran.
Athee, Korala P (1983): Enhancing Developmental Impact of Migrant Remittances: A Review of Asian Experiences', ILO - ARETEP, New Delhi
Gopinathan Nair, P R (1983): Asian Emigration to the Middle East: Emigration from India, working paper no 180, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum.
Chen H. (2022) . The Connected Caregivers: Exploring the Interplay of left-behind Women’s Socio-Structural immobilities and Communicative Mobilities in Transnational Power Geometrics
Department of Economics and Statistics (DES) (1982): Survey on Housing and Employment. 1980 Trivandrum
Dubey, Ajay, ed., (2003). Indian Diaspora. Global Identity. New Delhi: Global Organization of People of Indian Origin (GOPIO) International, Kalinga Publications.
Gerry. K . (2021) . We become capable of handling Everything: Gender and gulf migration in Kerala, south India.
Prakash, B A (1978): Impact of Foreign Remittances: A Case Study of Chavakkad Village in Kerala', Economic and Political Weekly. July 8, vol 13
Zachariah, K.C., Mathew, E.T. and Rajan, S.Irudaya, (2001). Impact of Migration on Kerala's Economy and Society. International Migration, doi:10.1111/1468-2435.00135 Publisher:John Wiley and Sons Mar 1, 2001
Zachariah K.C and S. Irudaya Rajan (2004). Gulf Revisited: Economic Consequences ofEmigration from Kerala, Emigration and Unemployment, Centre for DevelopmentStudies, September 2004
Zachariah, K.C., Gopinathan P.R., Rajan, S. Irudaya, (2006), Return Emigrants in Kerala: Welfare,Rehabilitation and Development, Published by Ajaykumar Jain for Manohar publishers &Distributers 4753/23 Ansari Rad, New Delhi 110 002
Anon (2009). Annual reports of the ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Overseas Indians, Adopted from Daniel Naujoks (2009)“ Emigration, Immigration, and Diaspora Relations in India”, October 15, 2009
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(Key Words: Gulf, Migration, Socio economic challenges, Mental health, health challenges Children)
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/007
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| Author |
Dr. Asmita Pravin Tayade, Bharatiya Jain Sanghata’s Art’s, Science and Commerce College, Wagholi, Pune
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| Paper Title |
Responsible Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethical Considerations
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| Subject Category |
AI and Education
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| Abstract |
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as one of the most influential technological advancements in the field of higher education. AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and other intelligent systems have transformed the way students learn, teachers teach, and institutions manage academic activities. These technologies provide instant access to information, assist in academic writing, generate programming code, create multimedia content, and personalize learning experiences. Despite these benefits, the rapid adoption of GenAI has also raised serious concerns regarding academic integrity, plagiarism, data privacy, ethical decision-making, and students' overdependence on technology.
This paper explores the opportunities and challenges associated with the responsible use of Generative AI in higher education. It examines the impact of AI on teaching, learning, assessment, research, and institutional practices. The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on an extensive review of recent scholarly articles, policy documents, and institutional guidelines. The findings suggest that while AI significantly enhances productivity, creativity, and accessibility in education, its misuse can negatively affect critical thinking, originality, and ethical academic behavior. Therefore, educational institutions must establish clear AI policies, promote digital literacy, redesign assessment methods, and encourage responsible AI usage. The study concludes that Generative AI should be viewed as an educational support tool rather than a replacement for human intelligence and academic effort.
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| Keyword |
Generative Artificial Intelligence, Higher Education, Academic Integrity, Responsible AI, Digital Learning, Ethics, Educational Technology
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/006
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| Author |
Ms.A.Revathy, SRI KRISHNA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE COIMATORE
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| Paper Title |
IMPACT OF INSURANCE AS AN INVESTMENT STRATEGY IN FINANCIAL PLANNING
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| Subject Category |
FINANCE
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| Abstract |
LIC India provides different insurance schemes for the peoples in organized and unorganized sector. Policies for unorganized sector like national policy on skill development, policies related with ensuring safety, health and environment at work place, national policy on HIV AIDS, national child labor policy and also common insurance policies for organized sector. Therefore, the study will help to answer certain valuable questions about the effectiveness of insurance as an investment strategy in the financial planning of the investors.
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INSURANCE-INVESTMENT STRATEGY-FINANCIAL PLANNING
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/005
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| Author |
Rajani Doppalapudi, Department of English, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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| Paper Title |
Speak, Succeed, Serve: Integrating Communication Skills, Employability and Human Values in Higher Education
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| Subject Category |
English
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| Abstract |
Twenty-first-century employers consistently prioritise communication competence, ethical awareness, and adaptability alongside technical expertise, yet a persistent gap exists between academic preparation and industry expectations. This paper examines the interconnected relationship among communication skills, employability, and human values in higher education and proposes the Speak–Succeed–Serve Model—an integrated conceptual framework positioning communication competence as the bridge between professional success and ethical citizenship. Drawing on contemporary research, industry reports, NEP 2020 provisions, innovative pedagogical practices, and illustrative case studies, the study demonstrates that holistic graduate development requires the concurrent cultivation of linguistic competence, employability competencies, and value-based dispositions. Findings support a shift from grammar-centred instruction toward experience-driven, technology-enhanced, and ethically informed communication education.
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| Keyword |
Communication Skills, Employability, Human Values, Higher Education, English Language Education, Emotional Intelligence, Professional Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, NEP 2020, Holistic Development.
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/004
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| Author |
Ms. Vinithra. V
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| Paper Title |
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND FACTORS INFLUENCING INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF WORKING WOMEN AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN COIMBATORE CITY
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| Subject Category |
Commerce
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| Abstract |
Investment plays am important role in achieving financial security and lomg-term wealth creation. With increasing education, employment, and financial independence, working women are becoming active participants in investment decisions. This study examines the investment objectives of working women and the factors influencing their investment decisions in Coimbatore City. The study is based on primary data collected from 80 working women respondents through a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis and the Chi-square test were used to analyse the data. The finding indicate that financial security is the primary objective of investment while savings habit, future financial needs and safety of investment are the major factors influencing investment decisions. The study also reveals that working women generally prefer low-risk investment avenues that offer stable returns. Further, the chi-square analysis shows no significant association between selected demographic variables and investment decisions. The study concludes that working women adopt a cautious and goal-oriented approach to investment. The findings will help financial institutions, investment advisors, and policymakers design investment products and financial literacy programmes that better meet the financial needs of working women
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| Keyword |
Working Women Investors, Investment Objectives, Investment Decisions, Financial Security, Investment Behaviour, Coimbatore City
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/003
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| Author |
D. SAMATHA, Lecturer in English, Govt. Degree College, Movva-A.P
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| Paper Title |
UNDERSTANDING INTERDISCIPLINARY AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES: PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN LITERARY STUDIES
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| Subject Category |
English
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| Abstract |
The study of English Language and Literature has evolved significantly over the years with the introduction of new methods of teaching, learning, and research. Among these methods, the Subject Approach, Interdisciplinary Approach, and Multidisciplinary Approach play an important role in understanding literary texts and language from different perspectives. These three approaches are closely connected, yet each has its own objectives, methods, and scope. The Subject Approach, also known as the discipline-specific approach, focuses on the study of a single subject or discipline. It aims to develop a thorough understanding of the concepts, theories, principles, and methods of that particular field. For example, a student of English Literature studies literary genres, critical theories, language, and literary history within the boundaries of the discipline itself. Similarly, subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, History, Economics, or Sociology are studied independently with their own established frameworks. The Interdisciplinary Approach goes beyond the limits of a single discipline by combining ideas, concepts, theories, and research methods from two or more disciplines. This approach enables scholars to analyse literary texts from multiple perspectives and to address complex research questions that cannot be adequately explained through one discipline alone. For instance, literature may be studied in relation to history, psychology, sociology, philosophy, linguistics, environmental studies, or cultural studies to gain a broader and deeper understanding of a text. The Multidisciplinary Approach also involves the participation of multiple disciplines; however, unlike the interdisciplinary approach, each discipline contributes independently without integrating its theories or methods.
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| Keyword |
Subject Approach, Discipline-specific Learning, Interdisciplinary Studies, Multidisciplinary Studies, Literary Studies
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/002
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| Author |
Dr. Anjana Saikia
Dr. Pranjali Gupta
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| Paper Title |
Energy-Aware Routing Protocols for Maximizing Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks
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| Subject Category |
Computer Engineering
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| Abstract |
A wireless sensor network is an infrastructure less, self-organizing communication network, in which resource constrained sensors individually sense the environment but collaboratively achieve complex information gathering and dissemination tasks. The need to conserve energy to prolong the network’s lifetime is the most critical issue in the design of scalable and robust protocols for wireless sensor networks. In oder to achieve these goals we have designed and implemented the network architecture of a sensor node, taking into account the energetic behavior of each of its components. The architecture has a modular structure, promoting composability and reusability of protocol modules at each layer of the protocol stack. For routing protocols we propose new strategies (metrics) taking into account energetic information, that allows us to take appropriate routing decisions in order to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. Besides providing energy-efficient medium access control protocols and routing protocols independently, we also ensure a joint optimization by enabling an additional exchange of relevant information between the two types of protocols by adding a cross-layer component in the protocol stack. We have implemented the proposed architecture in a simulation framework which provides a flexible approach to design and embed (plug-and-play) various protocols at network and MAC layers, and to combine and analyse the impact of different strategies and various parameters on the performance and lifetime of the wireless sensor network. The framework can automatically visualize performance criteria to enable a fast evaluation and comparison of protocols.
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| Keyword |
energy-aware routing protocols, network architecture of a sensor node, computation (processing) and storage (memory) capabilities
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| Paper ID |
IJIFR/V13/E12/001
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| Author |
Dr. Abhishek Chakrobarty
Dr. L.V. Padmarani Sarkar
Dr.S.Usha Kelkar
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| Paper Title |
An adaptive intrusion detection framework for mobile ad-hoc networks using feature extraction and NS3 simulation
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| Subject Category |
Computer Engineering
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| Abstract |
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are inherently dynamic and infrastructure-less, making them susceptible to a range of security threats such as black hole and wormhole attacks. This research presents a novel and adaptive Intrusion Detection System (IDS) tailored for MANETs, combining Binary Relevance Strategy (BRS) and machine learning for efficient and accurate intrusion detection. The proposed framework incorporates feature extraction from NS-3 simulated network traffic, focusing on 21 crucial features to distinguish normal from malicious behaviors. It introduces a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) to evaluate performance reliability, enabling adaptive sensitivity to network dynamics and resource constraints like energy and memory limitations. Unlike traditional IDS solutions, this system emphasizes real-time detection with reduced false positives and minimal computational overhead. The novelty of this work lies in its integration of BRS for multi-label classification, feature-optimized lightweight IDS design, and FLS-based adaptability, resulting in a scalable and energy-aware security solution. Comprehensive simulations using NS-3 validate the framework’s superiority in maintaining high detection accuracy and operational efficiency, making it suitable for deployment in critical MANET applications.
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| Keyword |
MANET, Transmission power control ,performance metrics
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